Verulam

The elastic critical load of a plane frame is that at which the resistance offered by the frame to any random disturbance is nil. For this state the stiffness matrix corresponding to all possible disturbances is singular. The elements of this matrix are in terms of the physical properties of the members and the modified stability functions tabulated by Livesley and Chandler. The usual method adopted is one of trial and error. A load trial is chosen, the value of the stiffness of the frame is then calculated, and the critical load is that at which the stiffness of the structure vanishes. Several load trials must be made before the critical load is predicted. S. Z. Al-Sarraf

There is a worldwide trend towards ever-increasing size and complexity of construction projects, placing greater demands on clients, consultants, and contractors alike. Working together, they make an outstanding contribution to the national wellbeing. A.C. Paterson

On the basis of their recent experience, particularly with a very large contract for a chemical complex situated on the North African coast and currently nearing completion, the authors compare and contrast project management activity abroad with that at home. In so doing, the term 'construction' is taken in its widest context. C.J. Liddle and A.J. Wallace