This paper presents a strut-and-tie approach for the analysis of deep beams subjected to (i) top loading, (ii) bottom loading, and (iii) combined top-and-bottom loading. The model consists of three groups, i.e. concrete struts, nodal zones and steel ties from the reinforcement. Incorporated with appropriate criteria for each group, the model gives very good shear strength predictions of deep beams, in comparison with the values from the ACI Building Code, 318-95, the 1984 Canadian Code, and the UK CIRIA Guide 2.
K.H. Tan, L.W. Weng and S. Teng