MMC is often commonly regarded as off-site prefabrication of components/ modules which are then assembled on site. However, MMC can refer to a number of construction practices which can be combined with each other or with more traditional forms of construction. In addition to offsite prefabrication, other MMC terms include:
- 3D printing: Additive manufacturing, commonly known as 3D printing, is being explored for creating construction components, including structural elements, walls, and even entire buildings
- 3D volumetric construction: 3D volumetric construction involves assembling prefabricated volumetric units or modules. These modules are typically manufactured in a controlled environment, such as a factory, and then transported to the construction site for assembly
- DfMA (design for manufacture and assembly): DfMA is a set of principles and strategies aimed at optimizing the design of a product to make it easier and more cost-effective to manufacture and assemble
- Panelised units: Panelised units, also known as panelised construction or panelised building systems, involves building components, such as walls, floors, and roofs, being prefabricated as panels in a controlled environment (usually a factory) and then transported to the construction site for assembly
- Traditional building large format, pre-cut products: This refers to a construction approach where construction materials are custom-cut to specific dimensions and sizes off-site and then transported to the construction site for assembly
- Platform systems: These systems encompass the methods and technologies used to design, manufacture, and assemble prefabricated building modules
- Smart monitoring technology: The integration of smart technologies, including internet of things (IoT) devices and sensors, allows for real-time monitoring and data collection to optimize building performance and maintenance
- Lightweight/ lean construction: The use of lean/ lightweight materials, such as composites or engineered wood products, can reduce the overall weight of structures while maintaining strength and durability
MMC are being increasingly utilised in construction across all forms of structure, from high-rise and traditional housing to factories, warehouses and other structures. There is a perception that MMC results in generic, characterless structures, but when used appropriately MMC can deliver projects that are as interesting and responsive as any traditional build.